vol IV chap 13 apendix
Previous: 13.3. Levels of operation of the mechanisms of knowing.
Appendix 13A. References to Nobel Prizes and Lectures in Physics and Chemistry.¶
In this Appendix we identify each Nobel Prize with the shorthand of the discipline (Ph for Physics or Ch for Chemistry) and the year of the award. Afterwards, following the announcement of the Nobel Prize, we indicate to whom and for what reasons each Prize has been awarded. We also include the title of the corresponding Nobel Lecture and its subtitles when they exist in the original. All the references are indicated in the MLA style.
Ph1901 to Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen “in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him”.
No Nobel Lecture was delivered.
MLA style: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Sat. 23 Dec 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1901/rontgen/facts/
Ph1903 to Antoine Henri Becquerel “in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity” and to Pierre Curie and Marie Curie, née Sklodowska “in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel”.
On Radioactivity, a New Property of Matter by Becquerel.
MLA style: Henri Becquerel – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1903/becquerel/lecture/
Radioactive Substances, Especially Radium by Pierre Curie.
MLA style: Pierre Curie – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1903/pierre-curie/lecture/
(No Lecture was delivered by Mme. Curie)
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 23 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1903/ceremony-speech/
Ph1906 to Joseph John Thomson “in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases”.
Carriers of Negative Electricity by Thomson.
MLA style: J.J. Thomson – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1906/thomson/lecture/
MLA style: J.J. Thomson – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 28 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1906/thomson/facts/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1906/ceremony-speech/
Ch1908: to Ernest Rutherford “for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances”.
The Chemical Nature of the Alpha Particles from Radioactive Substances by Rutherford.
MLA style: Ernest Rutherford – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1908/rutherford/lecture/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 23 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1908/ceremony-speech/
MLA style: Ernest Rutherford – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1908/rutherford/facts/
Ch1911 to Marie Curie, née Sklodowska “in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element”.
Radium and the New Concepts in Chemistry by Marie Curie.
MLA style: Marie Curie – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1911/marie-curie/lecture/
MLA style: Marie Curie – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1911/marie-curie/facts/
Ch1922 to Francis William Aston “for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule”.
Mass Spectra and Isotopes by Aston.
MLA style: Francis W. Aston – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1922/aston/lecture/
MLA style: Francis W. Aston – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1922/aston/facts/
Ph1923 to Robert Andrews Millikan “for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect”.
The Electron and the Light-Quant from the Experimental Point of View by Millikan.
MLA style: Robert A. Millikan – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1923/millikan/lecture/
MLA style: Robert A. Millikan – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 28 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1923/millikan/facts/
Ph1927 to Arthur Holly Compton “for his discovery of the effect named after him”.
X-rays as a Branch of Optics by Compton.
MLA style: Arthur H. Compton – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1927/compton/lecture/
MLA style: Arthur H. Compton – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 28 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1927/compton/facts/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1927/ceremony-speech/
Ph1927 to Charles Thomson Rees Wilson “for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour”.
On the Cloud Method of Making Visible Ions and the Tracks of Ionizing Particles by Wilson.
MLA style: C.T.R. Wilson – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Mon. 17 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1927/wilson/lecture/
MLA style: C.T.R. Wilson – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 28 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1927/wilson/facts/
Ph1929 to Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie “for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons”.
The Wave Nature of the Electron by de Broglie.
MLA style: Louis de Broglie – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Mon. 17 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1929/broglie/lecture/
MLA style: Louis de Broglie – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Mon. 17 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1929/broglie/facts/
Ch1935 to Frédéric Joliot and to Irène Joliot-Curie “in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements”.
Chemical Evidence of the Transmutation of Elements by Joliot.
MLA style: Frédéric Joliot – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1935/joliot-fred/lecture/
Artificial Production of Radioactive Elements by Joliot-Curie.
MLA style: Irène Joliot-Curie – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1935/joliot-curie/lecture/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Sun. 25 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1935/ceremony-speech/
MLA style: Frédéric Joliot – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1935/joliot-fred/facts/
Ph1935 to James Chadwick “for the discovery of the neutron”.
The Neutron and Its Properties by Chadwick.
MLA style: James Chadwick – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1935/chadwick/lecture/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Sun. 25 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1935/ceremony-speech/
MLA style: James Chadwick – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1935/chadwick/facts/
Ph1936 to Carl David Anderson “for his discovery of the positron”.
The Production and Properties of Positrons by Anderson.
MLA style: Carl D. Anderson – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1936/anderson/lecture/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Sun. 25 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1936/ceremony-speech/
MLA style: Carl D. Anderson – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1936/anderson/facts/
Ph1937 to Clinton Joseph Davisson and George Paget Thomson “for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals”.
The Discovery of Electron Waves by Davisson.
MLA style: Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 4 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1937/davisson/lecture/
Electronic Waves by Thomson.
MLA style: Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1937/thomson/lecture/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 28 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1937/ceremony-speech/
MLA style: Clinton Davisson – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 28 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1937/davisson/facts/
Ph1938 to Enrico Fermi “for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons”.
Artificial Radioactivity Produced by Neutron Bombardment by Fermi.
MLA style: Enrico Fermi – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1938/fermi/lecture/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Mon. 26 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1938/ceremony-speech/
MLA style: Enrico Fermi – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1938/fermi/facts/
Ph1939 to Ernest Orlando Lawrence “for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements”.
The Evolution of the Cyclotron by Lawrence.
MLA style: Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Mon. 17 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1939/lawrence/lecture/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Mon. 17 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1939/ceremony-speech/
MLA style: Ernest Lawrence – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Mon. 17 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1939/lawrence/facts/
Ch1944 to Otto Hahn “for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei”.
From the Natural Transmutations of Uranium to Its Artificial Fission by Hahn.
MLA style: Otto Hahn – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1944/hahn/lecture/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Mon. 26 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1944/ceremony-speech/
MLA style: Otto Hahn – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1944/hahn/facts/
Ph1945 to Wolfgang Pauli “for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle”.
Exclusion Principle and Quantum Mechanics by Pauli.
MLA style: Wolfgang Pauli – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 18 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1945/pauli/lecture/
MLA style: Wolfgang Pauli – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 18 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1945/pauli/facts/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 4 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1945/ceremony-speech/
Ph1948 to Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett “for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation”.
Chamber Researches in Nuclear Physics and Cosmic Radiation by Blackett.
MLA style: Patrick M.S. Blackett – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1948/blackett/lecture/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Mon. 26 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1948/ceremony-speech/
MLA style: Patrick M.S. Blackett – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1948/blackett/facts/
Ph1949 to Hideki Yukawa “for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces”.
Meson Theory in Its Developments by Yukawa.
MLA style: Hideki Yukawa – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1949/yukawa/lecture/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Mon. 26 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1949/ceremony-speech/
MLA style: Hideki Yukawa – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1949/yukawa/facts/
Ph1950 to Cecil Frank Powell “for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method”.
The Cosmic Radiation by Powell.
MLA style: Cecil Powell – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1950/powell/lecture/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Mon. 26 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1950/ceremony-speech/
MLA style: Cecil Powell – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1950/powell/facts/
Ph1951 to Sir John Douglas Cockcroft and to Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton “for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles”.
Experiments on the Interaction of High-Speed Nucleons with Atomic Nuclei by Cockcroft.
MLA style: John Cockcroft – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1951/cockcroft/lecture/
The Artificial Production of Fast Particles by Walton.
MLA style: Ernest T.S. Walton – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1951/walton/lecture/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Mon. 26 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1951/ceremony-speech/
MLA style: John Cockcroft – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1951/cockcroft/facts/
Ph1957 to Chen Ning Yang and Tsung-Dao (T.D.) Lee “for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles”.
The Law of Parity Conservation and Other Symmetry Laws of Physics by Yang.
MLA style: Chen Ning Yang – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 18 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1957/yang/lecture/
Weak Interactions and Nonconservation of Parity by Lee.
MLA style: Tsung-Dao Lee – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 18 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1957/lee/lecture/
MLA style: Tsung-Dao Lee – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 18 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1957/lee/facts/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 4 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1957/ceremony-speech/
Ph1959 to Emilio Gino Segrè and to Owen Chamberlain “for their discovery of the antiproton”.
Properties of Antinucleons by Segré.
MLA style: Emilio Segrè – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1959/segre/lecture/
The Early Antiproton Work by Chamberlain.
MLA style: Owen Chamberlain – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1959/chamberlain/lecture/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 27 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1959/ceremony-speech/
MLA style: Emilio Segrè – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1959/segre/facts/
Ph1960 to Donald Arthur Glaser “for the invention of the bubble chamber”.
Elementary Particles and Bubble Chambers by Glaser.
MLA style: Donald A. Glaser – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Mon. 17 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1960/glaser/lecture/
MLA style: Donald A. Glaser – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Mon. 17 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1960/glaser/facts/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 4 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1960/ceremony-speech/
Ph1961 to Robert Hofstadter “for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons” and to Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer “for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name”.
The Electron-Scattering Method and Its Application to the Structure of Nuclei and Nucleons by Hofstadter.
MLA style: Robert Hofstadter – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1961/hofstadter/lecture/
Recoilless Nuclear Resonance Absorption of Gamma Radiation by Mössbauer.
MLA style: Rudolf Mössbauer – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1961/mossbauer/lecture/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 27 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1961/ceremony-speech/
MLA style: Robert Hofstadter – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 27 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1961/hofstadter/facts/
MLA style: Rudolf Mössbauer – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1961/mossbauer/facts/
Ph1963 to Eugene Paul Wigner “for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles” and to Maria Goeppert Mayer and J. Hans D. Jensen “for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure”.
Events, Laws of Nature, and Invariance Principles by Wigner.
MLA style: Eugene Wigner – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1963/wigner/lecture/
The Shell Model by Goeppert Mayer.
MLA style: Maria Goeppert Mayer – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1963/mayer/lecture/
Glimpses at the History of the Nuclear Structure Theory by Jensen.
MLA style: J. Hans D. Jensen – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1963/jensen/lecture/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 27 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1963/ceremony-speech/
MLA style: Eugene Wigner – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 27 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1963/wigner/facts/
MLA style: Maria Goeppert Mayer – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 27 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1963/mayer/facts/
MLA style: J. Hans D. Jensen – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 27 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1963/jensen/facts/
Ph1965 to Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger and Richard P. Feynman “for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles”.
Development of Quantum Electrodynamics by Tomonoga.
MLA style: Sin-Itiro Tomonaga – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 18 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1965/tomonaga/lecture/
Relativistic Quantum Field Theory by Schwinger.
MLA style: Julian Schwinger – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 18 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1965/schwinger/lecture/
The Development of the Space-Time View of Quantum Electrodynamics by Feynman.
MLA style: Richard P. Feynman – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 18 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1965/feynman/lecture/
MLA style: Sin-Itiro Tomonaga – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 18 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1965/tomonaga/facts/
MLA style: Julian Schwinger – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 18 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1965/schwinger/facts/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 18 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1965/ceremony-speech/
MLA style: Richard P. Feynman – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 18 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1965/feynman/facts/
Ph1967 to Hans Albrecht Bethe “for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars”.
Energy Production in Stars by Bethe.
MLA style: Hans Bethe – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1967/bethe/lecture/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 27 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1967/ceremony-speech/
MLA style: Speed read: Stellar Nuclear Reactors. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Sun. 20 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1967/speedread/
MLA style: Hans Bethe – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1967/bethe/facts/
Ph1969 to Murray Gell-Mann “for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions”.
Symmetry and Currents in Particle Physics by Gell-Man.
(No manuscript was available.)
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 18 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1969/ceremony-speech/
MLA style: Murray Gell-Mann – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 18 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1969/gell-mann/facts/
Ph1975 to Aage Niels Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson and Leo James Rainwater “for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection”.
Background for the Spheroidal Nuclear Model Proposal by Rainwater.
MLA style: James Rainwater – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1975/rainwater/lecture/
Rotational Motion in Nuclei by Bohr.
MLA style: Aage N. Bohr – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1975/bohr/lecture/
Elementary Modes of Excitation in the Nucleus by Mottelson.
MLA style: Ben R. Mottelson – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1975/mottelson/lecture/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 27 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1975/ceremony-speech/
MLA style: Press release. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 27 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1975/press-release/
MLA style: Aage N. Bohr – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 27 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1975/bohr/facts/
Ph1976 to Burton Richter and Samuel Chao Chung Ting “for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind”.
From the Psi to Charm – The Experiments of 1975 and 1976 by Richter.
MLA style: Burton Richter – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 4 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1976/richter/lecture/
The Discovery of the J Particle: A Personal Recollection by Ting.
MLA style: Samuel C.C. Ting – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 4 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1976/ting/lecture/
MLA style: Press release. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 28 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1976/press-release/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 28 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1976/ceremony-speech/
MLA style: Burton Richter – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 28 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1976/richter/facts/
Ph1979 to Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam and Steven Weinberg “for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current”.
Towards a Unified Theory – Threads in a Tapestry by Glashow.
MLA style: Sheldon Glashow – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 18 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1979/glashow/lecture/
Gauge Unification of Fundamental Forces by Salam.
MLA style: Abdus Salam – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 18 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1979/salam/lecture/
Conceptual Foundations of the Unified Theory of Weak and Electromagnetic Interactions by Weinberg.
MLA style: Steven Weinberg – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 18 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1979/weinberg/lecture/
MLA style: Press release. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Tue. 18 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1979/press-release/
Ph1980 to James Watson Cronin and Val Logsdon Fitch “for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons”.
CP Symmetry Violation – The Search for Its Origin by Cronin.
MLA style: James Cronin – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 19 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1980/cronin/lecture/
The Discovery of Charge – Conjugation Parity Asymmetry by Fitch.
MLA style: Val Fitch – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 19 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1980/fitch/lecture/
MLA style: Press release. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 19 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1980/press-release/
MLA style: James Cronin – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 19 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1980/cronin/facts/
Ph1984 to Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer “for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction”.
Experimental Observation of the Intermediate Vector Bosons \(W^{+}\), \(W^{–}\) and \(Z^0\) by Rubbia.
MLA style: Carlo Rubbia – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 4 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1984/rubbia/lecture/
Stochastic Cooling and the Accumulation of Antiprotons by van der Meer.
MLA style: Simon van der Meer – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 4 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1984/meer/lecture/
MLA style: Press release. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 28 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1984/press-release/
MLA style: Award ceremony speech. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 28 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1984/ceremony-speech/
MLA style: Carlo Rubbia – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 28 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1984/rubbia/facts/
MLA style: Simon van der Meer – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 28 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1984/meer/facts/
Ph1988 to Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger “for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino”.
Observations in Particle Physics from Two Neutrinos to the Standard Model by Lederman.
MLA style: Leon M. Lederman – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 20 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1988/lederman/lecture/
The First High Energy Neutrino Experiment by Schwartz.
MLA style: Melvin Schwartz – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 20 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1988/schwartz/lecture/
Experiments with High-Energy Neutrino Beams by Steinberger.
MLA style: Jack Steinberger – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 20 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1988/steinberger/lecture/
MLA style: Press release. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 20 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1988/press-release/
MLA style: Leon M. Lederman – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 20 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1988/lederman/facts/
Ph1990 to Jerome I. Friedman, Henry W. Kendall and Richard E. Taylor “for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics”.
Deep Inelastic Scattering: Comparisons with the Quark Model by Friedman.
MLA style: Jerome I. Friedman – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 4 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1990/friedman/lecture/
Deep Inelastic Scattering: Experiments on the Proton and the Observation of Scaling by Kendall.
MLA style: Henry W. Kendall – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 4 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1990/kendall/lecture/
Deep Inelastic Scattering: The Early Years by Taylor.
MLA style: Richard E. Taylor – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 4 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1990/taylor/lecture/
MLA style: Press release. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 28 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1990/press-release/
MLA style: Jerome I. Friedman – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 28 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1990/friedman/facts/
Ph1992 to Georges Charpak “for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber”.
Electronic Imaging of Ionizing Radiation with Limited Avalanches in Gases by Charpak.
MLA style: Georges Charpak – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Mon. 17 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1992/charpak/lecture/
MLA style: Press release. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Mon. 17 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1992/press-release/
MLA style: Georges Charpak – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Mon. 17 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1992/charpak/facts/
Ph1994 “for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter” to Bertram N. Brockhouse “for the development of neutron spectroscopy” and to Clifford G. Shull “for the development of the neutron diffraction technique”.
Early Development of Neutron Scattering by Shull.
MLA style: Clifford G. Shull – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1994/shull/lecture/
Slow Neutron Spectroscopy and the Grand Atlas of the Physical World by Brockhouse.
MLA style: Bertram N. Brockhouse – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1994/brockhouse/lecture/
MLA style: Press release. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 28 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1994/press-release/
MLA style: Clifford G. Shull – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 28 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1994/shull/facts/
MLA style: Bertram N. Brockhouse – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 28 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1994/brockhouse/facts/
Ph1995 “for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics”: to Martin L. Perl “for the discovery of the tau lepton” and to Frederick Reines “for the detection of the neutrino”.
Reflections on the Discovery of the Tau Lepton by Perl.
MLA style: Martin L. Perl – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 4 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1995/perl/lecture/
The Neutrino: From Poltergeist to Particle by Reines.
MLA style: Frederick Reines – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 4 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1995/reines/lecture/
MLA style: Press release. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 30 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1995/press-release/
MLA style: Advanced information. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 30 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1995/advanced-information/
MLA style: Martin L. Perl – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 4 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1995/perl/facts/
Ph1999 to Gerardus ‘t Hooft and Martinus J.G. Veltman “for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics”.
A Confrontation with Infinity by t'Hooft.
MLA style: Gerardus ‘t Hooft – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 28 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1999/thooft/lecture/
From Weak Interactions to Gravitation by Veltman.
MLA style: Martinus J.G. Veltman – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 28 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1999/veltman/lecture/
MLA style: Press release. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 28 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1999/press-release/
MLA style: Advanced information. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 28 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1999/advanced-information/
MLA style: Gerardus 't Hooft – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 28 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1999/thooft/facts/
Ph2002 to Raymond Davis Jr. and Masatoshi Koshiba “for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos” and to Riccardo Giacconi “for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources”.
A Half-Century with Solar Neutrinos by Davis.
MLA style: Raymond Davis Jr. – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 4 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2002/davis/lecture/
Birth of Neutrino Astrophysics by Koshiba.
MLA style: Masatoshi Koshiba – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 4 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2002/koshiba/lecture/
The Dawn of X-Ray Astronomy by Giacconi.
MLA style: Riccardo Giacconi – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 4 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2002/giacconi/lecture/
MLA style: Speed read: Mining Mysterious Particles & X-ray Vision of the Universe. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 30 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2002/speedread/
MLA style: Popular information. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 30 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2002/popular-information/
MLA style: Advanced information. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 30 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2002/advanced-information/
MLA style: Raymond Davis Jr. – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 30 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2002/davis/facts/
MLA style: Masatoshi Koshiba – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 4 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2002/koshiba/facts/
MLA style: Riccardo Giacconi – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 30 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2002/giacconi/facts/
Ph2004 to David J. Gross, H. David Politzer and Frank Wilczek “for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction”.
The Discovery of Asymptotic Freedom and the Emergence of QCD by Gross.
MLA style: David J. Gross – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 2 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2004/gross/lecture/
The Dilemma of Attribution by Politzer.
MLA style: H. David Politzer – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 2 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2004/politzer/lecture/
Asymptotic Freedom: From Paradox to Paradigm by Wilczek.
MLA style: Frank Wilczek – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 2 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2004/wilczek/lecture/
MLA style: Press release. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 2 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2004/press-release/
MLA style: David J. Gross – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 2 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2004/gross/facts/
MLA style: Popular information. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 2 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2004/popular-information/
MLA style: Advanced information. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 2 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2004/advanced-information/
Ph2008 to Yoichiro Nambu “for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics” and to Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa “for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature”.
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Particle Physics: a Case of Cross Fertilization by Nambu.
MLA style: Yoichiro Nambu – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 2 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2008/nambu/lecture/
CP Violation and Flavour Mixing by Kobayashi.
MLA style: Makoto Kobayashi – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 2 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2008/kobayashi/lecture/
What Does CP Violation Tell Us? by Maskawa.
MLA style: Toshihide Maskawa – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 2 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2008/maskawa/lecture/
MLA style: Press release. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 2 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2008/press-release/
MLA style: Popular information. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 2 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2008/popular-information/
MLA style: Advanced information. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Wed. 2 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2008/advanced-information/
Ph2013 to François Englert and Peter W. Higgs “for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider”.
The BEH Mechanism and its Scalar Boson by Englert.
MLA style: François Englert – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2013/englert/lecture/
Evading the Goldstone Theorem by Higgs.
MLA style: Peter Higgs – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2013/higgs/lecture/
MLA style: Press release. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2013/press-release/
MLA style: Popular information. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2013/popular-information/
MLA style: Advanced information. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2013/advanced-information/
Ph2015 to Takaaki Kajita and Arthur B. McDonald “for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass”.
Discovery of Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillations by Kajita.
MLA style: Takaaki Kajita – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 4 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2015/kajita/lecture/
The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory: Observation of Flavor Change for Solar Neutrinos by McDonald.
MLA style: Arthur B. McDonald – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 4 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2015/mcdonald/lecture/
MLA style: Popular information. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 30 Jun 2023. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2015/popular-information/
MLA style: Advanced information. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 30 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2015/advanced-information/
MLA style: Takaaki Kajita – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 30 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2015/kajita/facts/
MLA style: Arthur B. McDonald – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Fri. 30 Jun 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2015/mcdonald/facts/
Ph2020 to Roger Penrose “for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity” and to Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez “for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy”.
Black Holes, Cosmology, and Space-Time Singularities by Penrose.
MLA style: Roger Penrose – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Thu. 3 Aug 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/penrose/lecture/
A Forty Year Journey by Genzel.
MLA style: Reinhard Genzel – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Mon. 17 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/genzel/lecture/
From the Possibility to the Certainty of a Supermassive Black Hole by Ghez.
MLA style: Andrea Ghez – Nobel Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Mon. 17 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/ghez/lecture/
MLA style: Press release. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Sat. 1 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/press-release/
MLA style: Popular information. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Sat. 1 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/popular-information/
MLA style: Advanced information. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Sat. 1 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/advanced-information/
MLA style: Roger Penrose – Facts – 2020. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Sat. 1 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/penrose/facts/
MLA style: Reinhard Genzel – Facts – 2020. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Sat. 1 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/genzel/facts/
MLA style: Andrea Ghez – Facts – 2020. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Sat. 1 Jul 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/ghez/facts/